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1996 video game

This article is about the original version. For the remake, see Super Mario 64 DS.

1996 video game

Super Mario 64
Artwork of a horizontal rectangular box. Mario flies with his Wing Cap power-up in front of a blue backdrop with clouds, a Goomba, and Princess Peach's Castle in the distance. The bottom portion reads "Super Mario 64" in red, blue, yellow, and green block letters.

North American cover art
Developer(s) Nintendo EAD
Publisher(s) Nintendo
Director(s) Shigeru Miyamoto
Producer(s) Shigeru Miyamoto
Programmer(s) Yasunari Nishida
Yoshinori Tanimoto
Artist(s) Yoshiaki Koizumi
Satoru Takizawa
Masanao Arimoto
Yōichi Kotabe[4]
Composer(s) Koji Kondo
Series Super Mario
Platform(s) Nintendo 64, iQue Player
Release Nintendo 64
  • JP: June 23, 1996[2]
  • NA: September 29, 1996[1]
  • EU: March 1, 1997[3]
iQue Player
  • CHN: November 21, 2003
Genre(s) Platform
Mode(s) Single-player

Super Mario 64 [a] is a 1996 platform game for the Nintendo 64 and the first Super Mario game to feature 3D gameplay. It was developed by Nintendo EAD and published by Nintendo. Super Mario 64 features 3-dimensional freedom of movement within a large open world based on 3D polygons. It builds upon the Mario tradition of gameplay elements, visual style, and characters. As Mario, the player explores Princess Peach's castle to rescue her from Bowser.

Director Shigeru Miyamoto conceived a 3D Mario game during the production of Star Fox (1993). Development lasted approximately three years: one on design and two on production. The high-fidelity graphics were created using the Nichimen N-World toolkit. The score was composed by Koji Kondo. A multiplayer mode featuring Mario's brother Luigi was cut, but rumors spread of his inclusion as a hidden character. As one of the launch games for the Nintendo 64, Super Mario 64 was released in Japan on June 23, 1996, and later in North America and Europe in September 1996 and March 1997, respectively.

Featuring a dynamic camera system and 360-degree analog control, it established a new archetype for the 3D genre, much as Super Mario Bros. did for side-scrolling platform games. Super Mario 64 received critical acclaim as one of the greatest video games of all time. Reviewers praised its ambition, visuals, gameplay, and music, although some called the camera system unreliable. It is the best-selling Nintendo 64 game, with more than eleven million copies sold by 2003. Numerous developers have cited Super Mario 64 as an influence. It was remade as Super Mario 64 DS for the Nintendo DS in 2004, and it has been ported to other Nintendo consoles.

Gameplay

Mario in one of the courses, Whomp's Fortress

Courses, such as Whomp's Fortress, require the player to navigate chasms.

Super Mario 64 is a 3D platform game in which the player controls Mario through various courses. Mario's abilities in Super Mario 64 are far more diverse than those of previous Mario games.[5] [6] The player can make Mario walk, run, jump, crouch, crawl, climb, swim, kick, grab objects, or punch using the game controller's analog stick and buttons. Special jumps can be executed by combining a regular jump with other actions, including the double and triple jumps, long jump, backflip, and wall jumping to reach high areas.[7] [8] Super Mario 64 is the second mainline Mario game—succeeding Super Mario Bros. 2—to have a traditional health system. The life system from previous Mario games is kept, and Mario loses a life when his health is depleted or if he falls into a bottomless pit. When Mario loses all of his lives, the game ends.[7] [9] Underwater, Mario's health represents how long he can hold his breath, slowly diminishing while underwater and replenishing when he comes back up to the surface.[7] [9]

The hub world takes place in Princess Peach's Castle, which consists of three floors, plus a moat and a courtyard. The player's main objective is to look for paintings that bring them to courses. There are fifteen courses in the game, each with 7 Power Stars. There are also 15 Power Stars hidden as secrets and as bonuses, for a total of 120 Power Stars in the entire game.[10] Each course is an enclosed world in which the player is free to wander in all directions and discover the environment without time limits. The worlds are filled with enemies as well as friendly creatures that provide assistance or ask favors. The player gathers stars in each course; some stars only appear after completing certain tasks, often hinted at by the name of the course. These challenges include defeating a boss, solving puzzles, racing an opponent, and gathering 8 red coins. Collecting stars unlocks more of the castle hub world.[7] [9] Twice in the game, the player unlocks castle doors with keys obtained by defeating Bowser in special courses.[7] Once the player gets at least 70 Power Stars, they can access the final level of the game, blocked by an 'endless staircase'.[11] There are many hidden mini-courses and other secrets within the castle, which may contain extra stars required for the full completion of the game.[10] If the player returns to the game after collecting all 120 Power Stars, Yoshi can be found on the roof of Princess Peach's Castle, who will give the player a message from the developers, accompanied by 100 extra lives.[12] [13]

In absence of the power-ups normally found in previous games, such as the Super Mushroom and Fire Flower, three special cap power-ups appear throughout many stages. The Wing Cap allows Mario to fly after doing a triple-jump or mid-air dive, or being shot from a cannon;[14] the Metal Cap makes him immune to most damage, allows him to withstand wind, perform on-land moves underwater, and be immune to noxious gases; and the Vanish Cap renders him partially immaterial and invulnerable, and allows him to walk through some obstacles.[7] 1-up mushrooms hidden in various places such as trees may chase Mario through the air or else fall to the ground and disappear shortly if not collected.[15]

Plot

The game begins with a letter from Princess Peach inviting Mario to come to her castle for a cake she has baked for him.[16] When he arrives, Mario discovers that Bowser has invaded the castle and imprisoned the princess and her servants within it using the power of the castle's 120 Power Stars. The Power Stars are hidden in the castle's paintings, which are portals to other worlds where Bowser's minions keep watch over the stars. Mario explores the castle for these portals to enter the worlds and recover the stars. He gains access to more rooms as he recovers more Power Stars, and once he gets enough, he breaks the curse of the Endless Stairs that blocked the entrance to the final level of the game. After Mario defeats Bowser in the final battle, he obtains the Jumbo Star which gives him the Wing Cap, and he flies back to the castle. Peach is then released from the stained-glass window above the castle's entrance, and she rewards Mario by kissing him on the nose and baking the cake that she had promised him.[17] [7] [8]

Development

Shigeru Miyamoto at the 2007 Game Developers Conference

Producer and director Shigeru Miyamoto

In the early 1990s, director and producer Shigeru Miyamoto conceived a 3D Mario design during development of the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES) game Star Fox (1993). He considered using the Super FX chip to develop a SNES game, Super Mario FX, with gameplay based on "an entire world in miniature, like miniature trains".[18] He eventually reformulated the idea for the Nintendo 64, not for its substantially greater power, but because its controller has more buttons for gameplay.[19] According to engineer Dylan Cuthbert, who worked on Star Fox, no game titled Super Mario FX had ever entered development, but rather "Super Mario FX" was the code name of the Super FX chip.[20] At the January 1993 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), where Star Fox made its debut, Nintendo's booth demonstrated a 3D polygon animation of Mario's head.[21]

Super Mario 64 was developed over approximately three years, with one year spent on the design concept and approximately two years on production.[18] Production began on September 7, 1994, and concluded on May 20, 1996.[22] According to Miyamoto, most of the time there were approximately 15 to 20 people working on the game.[23] Development began with the characters and camera system. Miyamoto and the other designers were unsure of which direction to take; months were spent selecting a camera view and layout.[24] The original concept involved the fixed path of an isometric-type game such as Super Mario RPG, changing to a free-roaming 3D design.[24] Levels were sketched by course director Yoichi Yamada; he and the level designers then took notes on the key elements of each level.[25] The game had mostly a free-roaming design, with some fixed path elements—particularly to coerce the player into Bowser's lair according to programmer Giles Goddard.[24]

When we were stuck on talk of the spectacular 3D graphics of Mario 64 and racing games, we saw a huge hit in the form of [Bandai's] Tamagotchi — a tiny key chain boasting pictures made up of no more than 10 or 20 dots. At that time, I thought that Mario 64 had lost to Tamagotchi. [laughs. Miyamoto quickly adds in English: "I'm serious."]

—Shigeru Miyamoto[26]

The game was first run on an SGI Onyx emulator, which only emulated the API and not the hardware.[24] To assist in making Mario's model, Yōichi Kotabe, illustrator and character designer for the Mario series, made a 3D drawing of him from various angles and directed the creation of the character models.[4] The team placed high priority on Mario's movement and, before levels were created, they tested and refined Mario's animations on a simple grid. The first test scenario for controls and physics involved Mario interacting with a golden rabbit, named "MIPS" after the Nintendo 64's MIPS architecture processors; the rabbit was included in the final game. The developers tried to include a multiplayer cooperative mode, whereby players would control Mario and his brother Luigi in split-screen, but could not make it work satisfactorily.[27] To assist players with depth perception, the team positioned a faux shadow directly beneath each object regardless of the area's lighting. Assistant director Yoshiaki Koizumi, who created and animated Mario's 3D model, described the feature as an "iron-clad necessity" which "might not be realistic, but it's much easier to play".[28] Super Mario 64 is one of the first games for which Nintendo produced its illustrations internally, instead of by outsourcing.[29] 3D illustrations were created by Shigefumi Hino, Hisashi Nogami, Hideki Fujii, Tomoaki Kuroume, and Yusuke Nakano.[30]

Miyamoto's guiding design philosophy was to include more details than earlier games, using the Nintendo 64's power to feature "all the emotions of the characters". He likened the game's style to a 3D interactive cartoon.[31] Some details were inspired by the developers' personal lives; for example, the Boos are based on assistant director Takashi Tezuka's wife, who, as Miyamoto explained, "is very quiet normally, but one day she exploded, maddened by all the time Tezuka spent at work." In the game, the Boos shrink when Mario looks at them, but when he turns away, they grow large and menacing.[18]

Super Mario 64 features more puzzles than earlier Mario games. It was developed simultaneously with The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time but, as Ocarina of Time was released more than two years later, some puzzles were taken for Super Mario 64. Information about Super Mario 64 was leaked in November 1995, and a playable version was presented days later as part of the Nintendo 64 premiere (then known as the "Ultra 64") at Nintendo Space World, featuring 32 courses. Miyamoto had hoped to create more, possibly up to 40 for the final version,[18] but the number was reduced to 15.[10] According to Nintendo of America chairman Howard Lincoln, Miyamoto's desire to add more was a major factor in the decision to delay the Nintendo 64 release from Christmas 1995 to April 1996.[32] Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi later commented, "Game creators can finish games quickly if they compromise. But users have sharp eyes. They soon know if the games are compromised. [Miyamoto] asked for two more months and I gave them to him unconditionally."[33]

Audio

Koji Kondo at the 2007 Game Developers Conference

The music was composed by veteran composer Koji Kondo, who created new interpretations of the familiar melodies from earlier media as well as entirely new material.[34] [35] Yoji Inagaki was solely responsible for the sound design, tasked with producing hundreds of sound effects. He and Kondo opined in an interview that music and sound effects were equally important.[35] According to Inagaki, the average Nintendo 64 game had about five hundred sound effects, and made comparisons to The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time and The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask, which had twelve hundred and two thousand respectively.[35]

Super Mario 64 is one of the first games to feature Charles Martinet as the voice of Mario. It also features the voice of Leslie Swan, then senior editor of Nintendo Power, as Princess Peach, who wrote the English text.[36]

Release

Super Mario 64 was first shown as a playable prototype in November 1995 at Nintendo Space World (then called "Shoshinkai"), however, this version of the game was only 50 percent complete, and only about 2 percent of mapping was finished.[18] [37] [38] It was later shown at E3 1996, with one of the showings having around thirty Nintendo 64s set up for more people to play the game.[39]

Super Mario 64 was first released in Japan on June 23, 1996 as one of the three launch games for the Nintendo 64, alongside Pilotwings 64 and Saikyō Habu Shōgi.[2] It was later released in North America in September 1996[1] and in Europe in March 1997.[3]

Re-releases

A version of Super Mario 64 was used as a tech demo for the 64DD floppy drive at the 1996 Nintendo Space World trade show.[40] Like Wave Race 64, Super Mario 64 was re-released in Japan on July 18, 1997, as Super Mario 64 Shindō Pak Taiō Version [b]. This version adds support for the Rumble Pak peripheral and includes the voice acting from the English version.[41] [42]

In 1998, Super Mario 64 was re-released in Europe and North America as part of the budget Player's Choice line. It was released on the Wii Virtual Console service in late 2006.[43] This release added enhanced resolution and compatibility with the GameCube and Classic controllers.[44] The Shindou version was re-released in September 2020 on Nintendo Switch in the Super Mario 3D All-Stars collection.[45] It was later re-released for the Nintendo Switch Online + Expansion Pack for the Nintendo 64 lineup in October 2021.[46]

Super Mario 64 DS

An enhanced remake, Super Mario 64 DS, was released for the handheld Nintendo DS in 2004. Yoshi, Luigi, and Wario are additional playable characters, and the game features improved graphics, slightly altered courses, new areas and enemies, more Power Stars to collect, touchscreen mini-games, and a multiplayer mode.[47] Reviews were mostly positive, with critics praising the graphics and the add-ons to the original game but criticizing the controls and multiplayer mode.[48] [49] By March 2008, 6.12 million copies had been sold worldwide.[50]

Reception

Super Mario 64 received enthusiastic pre-release reception. "The Whizz" of GamePro commented on the 1995 Shoshinkai version's smoothness, and how the action in the game was a blast, despite the game being only 50 percent complete at the time.[37] Ed Semrad of Electronic Gaming Monthly agreed.[38] Larry Marcus of Alex. Brown & Sons recalls Super Mario 64 being the most anticipated title of E3 1996, claiming that there was a field of teenagers "jostling for a test run".[76]

Since its release, the game has received critical acclaim, getting a score of 94 out of 100 from review aggregator Metacritic based on 13 reviews,[52] and a score of 96% from review aggregator GameRankings based on 22 reviews.[51]

The game's design, variety of controls and general use of 3D gameplay received praise from video game publications.[57] [66] [77] Maximum gave it a 5 out of 5 and found its strongest points were the sense of freedom and the fact that its replayability reveals new areas and challenges.[75] Official Nintendo Magazine called it the first truly convincing use of 3D in a platformer.[70] Doug Perry of IGN agreed that the game transitioned the series to 3D perfectly.[10] Electronic Gaming Monthly talked about the game's impact in their initial review,[56] and later ranked it the 4th best console game of all time, arguing that it had breached the entire genre of 3D gaming while working flawlessly, save for the camera.[78] Paul Davies of Computer and Video Games praised the 3D environment, and said that it enhanced the interaction with the game. He also described the control scheme as intuitive and versatile. [54] Jonti Davies of AllGame commented on the diversity of the gameplay and how many things there were to do in each course.[68] Corbie Dillard of Nintendo Life agreed, calling the variety the game's "greatest genius".[68] Nebojsa Radakovic of GameRevolution described the game as one of the few "true 3D platformer[s]".[77] N64 Magazine compared the game to an enormous playground which was a pleasure to experiment in, however, they opined that the exploration element was slightly brought down by how many hints and tips there were.[66] Victor Lucas of EP Daily agreed, praising the freedom, but suggesting to players to "skip all the sign posts".[57]

Some reviewers were critical of the camera system. Next Generation noted that the game was less accessible than previous Mario games, frustrated by the camera's occasional erratic movements and lack of optimal angle.[67] Nebojsa Radakovic of GameRevolution and Doug Perry of IGN added that the camera was sometimes blocked by or went through objects.[10] [77] Game Informer stated that by present-day standards the camera "would almost be considered broken".[60] Nintendo Power also noted the learning curve of the shifting camera.[69] In contrast, Corbie Dillard of Nintendo Life claimed that the camera didn't have any problems, and that it succeeded at helping the player traverse complex environments.[68] Paul Davies of Computer and Video Games also acknowledged that he was critical of the camera, but ultimately dismissed it as "one hiccup" of a revolutionary game. [54]

The game also received praise for its graphics. Gamespot praised the graphics for being "clean yet simple" and not detracting from the details of the game world.[64] GamePro particularly praised the combination of unprecedented technical performance and art design, calling it "the most visually impressive game of all time".[62] Paul Davies of Computer and Video Games described the graphics as "so amazing[], you find yourself stopping to admire [them]".[54] Jonti Davies of AllGame called the visuals phenomenal, and the frame rate respectable. [53] Doug Perry of IGN found the graphics simple but magnificent, and that the excellent animation and framerate fulfilled Miyamoto's dream of creating an interactive cartoon,[10] a sentiment shared by Next Generation.[67] Nino Alegeropoulos of Hyper called it the best-looking console game to date and opined that its high resolution and frame rate for the time made it look "infinitely better than a cartoon".[65]

Sales

During its first three months of sale in North America, the game sold more than 2 million copies and grossed $140,000,000 (equivalent to $231,000,000 in 2020) in the United States by December 1996,[79] becoming the best-selling video game of 1996 in the United States.[80] During the first three months of 1997, it was the second-best-selling console game in the United States at 523,000 units.[81] By early 2001, it had sold 5.5 million units in the United States.[82] It was the best-selling game in the United States between 1995–2002, with 5.9 million units sold in the US by 2002.[83] At the 1999 Milia festival in Cannes, it won a "Gold" prize for revenues above €21 million or $27,000,000 (equivalent to $43,000,000 in 2020) in the European Union during the previous year.[84] By March 2008, Super Mario 64 sold 11.8 million copies worldwide, being the best-selling Nintendo 64 game.[85] By 2015, Super Mario 64 was the 12th most sold Mario game, with 11.91 million copies sold.[86] The game had become the second most popular game on Wii's Virtual Console by June 2007, behind Super Mario Bros. [87]

Accolades

Super Mario 64 earned numerous awards, including various "Game of the Year" honors by members of the gaming media, and in Nintendo's own best-selling Player's Choice selection. It has been placed high on "the greatest games of all time" lists by many reviewers, including IGN,[19] [88] [89] Game Informer,[90] [91] Edge,[92] Official Nintendo Magazine,[93] Electronic Gaming Monthly,[78] and Nintendo Power.[94] Electronic Gaming Monthly awarded it a Gold award in its initial review, and it won Electronic Gaming Monthly 's Game of the Year for both editors' pick and readers' pick, and Nintendo 64 Game of the Year, Adventure Game of the Year, and Best Graphics.[95] Super Mario 64 became the first game to receive a perfect score from Edge.[55] [56] At the 1997 Computer Game Developers Conference, it was given Spotlight Awards for Best Use of Innovative Technology, Best Console Game, and Best Game of 1996.[96] British magazine Maximum gave it a "Maximum Game of the Month Award", making it the only import game (predating its international release) to win that honor, and called it the greatest game the magazine had ever reviewed.[97] Digitiser ranked it the best game of 1997, above Final Fantasy VII as runner-up.[74]

Legacy

Three screenshots demonstrating the virtual camera system in Super Mario 64

Instead of staying behind Mario, the camera rotates to show the path.

Super Mario 64 was key to the early success of and anticipation for the Nintendo 64.[60] [78] [98] [99] Lee Hutchinson, a former Babbage's employee, notes how the game was spurred by a feverish video game press,[100] and how the success of the game defied the rule that a wide variety of launch games were necessary for broad appeal.[101] However, the Nintendo 64 eventually lost much of its market share to Sony's PlayStation, partly due to its cartridge and controller design decisions, which were reportedly implemented by Miyamoto for Super Mario 64.[102]

In 2012, Super Mario 64 was among the 80 entries in the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Art of Video Games exhibit.[103]

Though not the first 3D platformer or 3D Nintendo game, PC Magazine 's K. Thor Jensen considers Super Mario 64 to be the first truly realized 3D platformer, by these criteria: innovations in player-character personality; intuitive, perfectible gameplay; and integration of camera control into core gameplay, which he called the medium's true evolutionary leap.[104]

Influence

Super Mario 64 set many precedents for 3D platformers[78] [102] [105] as one of the most influential video games. GameDaily wrote that it "defined the 3-D platform experience".[106] It is acknowledged by 1UP.com for pioneering the transition of a 2D series into full 3D.[102] GamesTM said many game companies, including Nintendo, have tried to develop a platform game to match Super Mario 64. [107]

Super Mario 64 is known for its nonlinear, open freedom, which has been acclaimed by video game developers. Its central hub world provides a safe tutorial and a level selector, and is a staple of the 3D platform genre. In the 3D transition, many of the series's conventions were rethought drastically, placing emphasis on exploration over traditional platform jumping, or "hop and bop" action. Though some disputed its quality, others argued that it established an entirely new genre for the series.[108] Its mission-based level design inspired game designers such as Martin Hollis, producer and director of Rare's GoldenEye 007.[109] Dan Houser, a prominent figure in the development of the Grand Theft Auto series, stated, "Anyone who makes 3D games who says they've not borrowed something from Mario or Zelda [of the Nintendo 64] is lying."[110] Tetsuya Nomura, a leading designer at Square Enix, stated in 2016 that Super Mario 64 prompted the creation of the Kingdom Hearts series.[111] Chris Sutherland, who served as the lead designer for Banjo-Kazooie, agreed that Super Mario 64 set the benchmark for 3D platformers and claimed that any other game in the genre on the Nintendo 64 would inevitably be compared with Super Mario 64.[39]

Super Mario 64 introduced a free-floating camera that can be controlled independently of the character.[105] To increase freedom of exploration and fluid control in a 3D world, Super Mario 64 designers created a dynamic virtual video camera that turns and accelerates according to the character's actions,[112] operated by the in-game character Lakitu.[8] This camera system became the standard for 3D platform games.[9] Nintendo Power stated the camera control scheme is what transitioned platform games into 3D,[113] and that the game, along with The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, "blazed trails" into the 3D era.[114]

Edge said Super Mario 64 changed "gamers' expectations of 3D movement forever".[98] The Nintendo 64's analog stick affords more precise and wide-ranging character movements than the digital D-pads of other consoles, and Super Mario 64 's use of this was novel. At the time, 3D games generally allow the player to either control the character in relation to a fixed camera angle or in relation to the character's perspective. Super Mario 64 's innovative controls are fully analog and interpret a 360-degree range of motion into navigation through a 3D space relative to the camera. The analog stick allows for precise control over subtleties such as running speed.[115] Electronic Gaming Monthly in 2005 ranked Super Mario 64 the most important game since they began publication in 1989, stating that, while there were 3D games before it, "Nintendo's was the first to get the control scheme right."[116]

In July 2021, a pristine, sealed copy of Super Mario 64 was auctioned for $1,560,000, the largest amount ever paid for a video game.[117] [118] Heritage Auctions's video games specialist said, "It seems impossible to overstate the importance of this title, not only to the history of Mario and Nintendo but to video games as a whole."[119]

Rumors, conspiracy theories and glitches

Rumors spread rapidly after the game's release. The most popular was a pervasive rumor that Luigi was an unlockable character. In 1996, IGN offered a prize of $100 if a player could find Luigi,[120] but after one week, he wasn't found.[121] Fueling the rumor was a very blurry message on a statue in the courtyard of Princess Peach's Castle, thought to say "L is real 2401".[122] This was disproved in 1998, when a fan received a letter from Nintendo that the programmers included the text as a joke and it wasn't supposed to say anything.[122] In July 2020, the unused assets for Luigi from the scrapped multiplayer mode were discovered in the game's files in an event known as the Nintendo Gigaleak.[123]

Conspiracy theories about the game became popular in 2020, and were grouped into the "Super Mario 64 iceberg", with the less likely theories representing places closer to the bottom of the "ocean".[124] One popular rumor was the "Wario Apparition", based off of an E3 1996 presentation with Charles Martinet voicing a disembodied Wario head. Some fans believed that the Wario head remained in some copies of the game, which was part of another theory that "every copy of Super Mario 64 is personalized".[124] [125] [126]

Players used glitches to reach previously unreachable parts of the game, including a coin that had not been collected until eighteen years after release.[127] Speedrun techniques include the Lakitu skip, Bomb-omb clip, and the infamous backwards long jump glitch,[128] however, the latter was patched in the Super Mario 3D All-Stars re-release.[129] In 2013, YouTuber Vinesauce posted a collection of clips of corruptions of the game, replicated with a program named 'naughty'.[130] [131] Pannenkoek2012's highly technical analysis of Super Mario 64 glitches and mechanics has been covered many times in the video game press.[132] [133] [134]

Fan projects

The following is a list of fan remakes, ROM hacks and projects created by fans of Super Mario 64.

  • Super Mario 64: Chaos Edition , a PC-emulated version of the original that loads codes which cause bizarre behavior. The game received coverage after Vinesauce posted a playthrough of the game.[135] [136]
  • Super Mario Run 64 , converting the game into a 2.5D running game in the spirit of Super Mario Run.[137]
  • Super Mario 64 Online , enabling online multiplayer.[138] [139] [140] It was taken down after a copyright strike by Nintendo. It was later reuploaded and renamed to Net64 .[141]
  • Super Mario 64 Maker , a Mario Maker-like level editor.[142]
  • Super Mario 64 Odyssey , featuring levels based on Super Mario Odyssey while also adding its mechanic of possessing enemies by throwing Mario's hat.[143]
  • Super Mario 64: Last Impact , an original game that incorporates elements from other Mario games, such as the Fire Flower from Super Mario Bros., the F.L.U.D.D. cannon from Super Mario Sunshine, and the Bee Mushroom from Super Mario Galaxy.[144] [145] [146]
  • Super Mario 64: Ocarina of Time , in which The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time world is recreated in Super Mario 64 's engine, with new gameplay elements, puzzles, and a story.[147] [148] [149]
  • Open World Mario 64 , a battle royale-style mod set on a huge map made up of all Super Mario 64 levels, in the style of Fortnite Battle Royale and PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds.[150]
  • First Person Mario 64 , that changes the camera mode to first-person, often making the game much more challenging due to how the game demands acrobatic movements,[151] and how the game doesn't render objects when they're too close to the camera.[152] [153]
  • Super Mario 64 Plus , featuring a new permadeath option, bug fixes, an improved camera system and 60 FPS emulation.[154]
  • Super Mario 64 HD , a high-definition remake of the first level of Super Mario 64, Bob-Omb Battlefield, using the Unity game engine. The project was taken down following a copyright claim by Nintendo.[155]
  • In 2019, fans decompiled the original ROM image into C source code, allowing Super Mario 64 to be natively ported to any system.
    • In 2020, fans released a Windows port with support for widescreen displays and 4K resolution.[156] Nintendo enlisted a law firm to remove videos of the port and its listings from websites.[157] Fans created ports for several more platforms, including Nintendo 3DS,[158] PlayStation 2, PlayStation Vita, Dreamcast, and Android.[159]

Successors

A sequel was planned for the 64DD.[160] In July 1996, Nintendo insiders stated that Miyamoto was assembling a team consisting mostly of developers who had worked on Super Mario 64.[161] Miyamoto mentioned at the 1997 E3 convention that he was "just getting started" on the project.[162] The project was canceled due to its lack of progress and the commercial failure of the 64DD.[160] [163]

Super Mario 64 successors include Super Mario Sunshine (2002) for the GameCube and Super Mario Galaxy (2007) for the Wii, building on its core design of power-ups and its 3D, open-ended gameplay.[164] [165] Super Mario Galaxy 2 (2010) includes a remake of Super Mario 64 's Whomp's Fortress level called Throwback Galaxy.[166] Super Mario 3D Land (2011) and Super Mario 3D World (2013) are departures from the open-ended design, instead focused on platforming reminiscent of 2D games.[167] The Nintendo Switch game Super Mario Odyssey (2017) returned to Super Mario 64 's open design.[168]

Plasticity studies

In 2013, a study was conducted to see the plasticity effects on the human brain after playing Super Mario 64—chosen for its navigation element and the ability to play in a three-dimensional environment—for at least 30 minutes every day for 2 months. The study concluded that doing the previously mentioned activity caused the grey matter (a major part of the central nervous system) to increase in the right hippocampal formation and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex—brain areas thought to contribute to spatial navigation, working memory, and motor planning.[169] A similar study was conducted in 2017, where adults were randomized into three groups, a control group, a group that took online piano lessons, and a group that played a 3D platform game (i.e. Super Mario 64), for 6 months, at least 30 minutes per day, and at least 5 days a week. At the end of the study, the control group had suffered from a decrease in grey matter, the music group had an increase, mostly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cerebellum, and the Super Mario 64 group also had an increase, mostly in the hippocampus and cerebellum.[170]

See also

  • Super Mario 128

Notes

  1. ^ Japanese: スーパーマリオ64, Hepburn: Sūpā Mario 64
  2. ^ Japanese: スーパーマリオ64 振動パック対応バージョン, Hepburn: Sūpā Mario 64 Shindō Pak Taiō Bājon
  3. ^ Nintendo Power scored Super Mario 64 4.5/5 twice for graphics/sound and theme/fun, 3.8/5 for play control, and 5/5 for challenge.[69]

References

  1. ^ a b Kohler, Chris (September 29, 2016). "Nintendo 64 Came Out 20 Years Ago. Here's How a Teenaged Me Reviewed It". Wired. Condé Nast Publications. Archived from the original on September 29, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
  2. ^ a b Buchanan, Levi (September 29, 2008). "Nintendo 64 Week: Day One". IGN. Ziff Davis, LLC. Archived from the original on February 23, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
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    Enjoy!!!

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External links

  • Super Mario 64 Profile (1996) – Nintendo (Archive)
  • Super Mario 64 Profile (1998) – Nintendo (Archive)
  • Official Nintendo Japan Super Mario 64 site

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Mario_64

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